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Grammatical article in English

The () is a grammatical article in English, denoting persons or things already mentioned, under discussion, implied or otherwise presumed familiar to listeners, readers, or speakers. Information technology is the definite article in English. The is the most frequently used word in the English language linguistic communication; studies and analyses of texts accept found it to account for seven percentage of all printed English-language words.^[1] Information technology is derived from gendered manufactures in Quondam English which combined in Middle English and now has a single course used with pronouns of any gender.^[a] The discussion can be used with both singular and plural nouns, and with a noun that starts with any alphabetic character. This is different from many other languages, which take different forms of the definite commodity for unlike genders or numbers.

Pronunciation

In most dialects, "the" is pronounced as /ðə/ (with the voiced dental fricative /ð/ followed past a schwa) when followed by a consonant sound, and as /ðiː/ (homophone of pronoun thee) when followed by a vowel sound or used every bit an emphatic class.^[ii]

Modern American and New Zealand English take an increasing tendency to limit usage of /ðiː/ pronunciation and use /ðə/, even before a vowel.^{[3] [iv]}

Sometimes the discussion "the" is pronounced /ðiː/, with stress, to emphasise that something is unique: "he is the skillful", non only "an" expert in a field.

Adverbial

Definite article principles in English are described under "Use of articles". The, as in phrases like "the more the meliorate", has a singled-out origin and etymology and by adventure has evolved to be identical to the definite commodity.^[5]

Article

The and that are common developments from the same Old English system. Old English had a definite commodity se (in the masculine gender), sēo (feminine), and þæt (neuter). In Centre English, these had all merged into þe, the ancestor of the Modern English word the.^[half-dozen]

Geographic usage

An area in which the use or non-apply of the is sometimes problematic is with geographic names:

• notable natural landmarks – rivers, seas, mountain ranges, deserts, island groups (archipelagoes) and and so on – are generally used with a "the" definite article (the Rhine, the Northward Sea, the Alps, the Sahara, the Hebrides).
• continents, individual islands, administrative units and settlements generally do not take a "the" article (Europe, Jura, Republic of austria (just the Austria), Scandinavia, Yorkshire (merely the County of York), Madrid).
• start with a common noun followed by of may take the article, as in the Isle of Wight or the Isle of Portland (compare Christmas Island), aforementioned applies to names of institutions: Cambridge University, but the University of Cambridge.
• Some place names include an article, such equally the Bronx, The Oaks, The Rock, The Birches, The Harrow, The Rower, The Swan, The Valley, The Farrington, The Quarter, The Plains, The Dalles, The Forks, The Hamlet, The Village (NJ), The Hamlet (OK), The Villages, The Village at Castle Pines, The Woodlands, The Pas, the Vatican, The Hyde, the West Stop, the East Finish, The Hague, or the City of London (simply London). Formerly due east.chiliad. Bath, Devizes or White Plains.^[seven]
• generally described singular names, the North Isle (New Zealand) or the West Country (England), take an article.

Countries and territorial regions are notably mixed, most exclude "the" simply there are some that adhere to secondary rules:

• derivations from commonage mutual nouns such every bit "kingdom", "republic", "union", etc.: the Central African Republic, the Dominican Republic, the United states, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United Arab Emirates, including most state total names:^{[8] [ix]} the Czech Republic (only Czech republic), the Russia (but Russia), the Principality of Monaco (but Monaco), the State of Israel (but Israel) and the Commonwealth of Australia (but Australia).^{[10] [11] [12]}
• countries in a plural noun: the Netherlands, the Falkland Islands, the Faroe Islands, the Cayman Islands, the Philippines, the Union of the comoros, the Maldives, the Republic of seychelles, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and The Bahamas.
• Singular derivations from "island" or "land" that concord administrative rights – Greenland, England, Christmas Island and Norfolk Island – do non accept a "the" definite article.
• derivations from mountain ranges, rivers, deserts, etc., are sometimes used with an article, even for singular, (the Lebanon, the Sudan, the Yukon, the Congo).^[13] This usage is in decline, The Gambia remains recommended whereas use of the Argentine for Argentina is considered old-fashioned. Ukraine is occasionally referred to every bit the Ukraine, a usage that was common during the 20th century, but this is considered incorrect and maybe offensive in modern usage.^[14] Sudan (just the Republic of the Sudan) and Due south Sudan (but the Republic of South Sudan) are written nowadays without the commodity.

Abbreviations

Since "the" is one of the nigh frequently used words in English, at various times short abbreviations for it take been constitute:

• Barred thorn: the earliest abbreviation, it is used in manuscripts in the Sometime English language. It is the letter þ with a assuming horizontal stroke through the ascender, and it represents the give-and-take þæt, meaning "the" or "that" (neuter nom. / acc.).
• þͤ and þͭ (þ with a superscript e or t) announced in Middle English language manuscripts for "þe" and "þat" respectively.
• yͤ and yͭ are developed from þͤ and þͭ and appear in Early Mod manuscripts and in impress (see Ye form).

Occasional proposals have been fabricated by individuals for an abbreviation. In 1916, Legros & Grant included in their classic printers' handbook Typographical Printing-Surfaces, a proposal for a letter similar to Ħ to stand for "Th", thus abbreviating "the" to ħe.^[15]

In Middle English, the (þe) was oft abbreviated every bit a þ with a small e above it, similar to the abbreviation for that, which was a þ with a small t in a higher place information technology. During the latter Heart English and Early Modern English periods, the letter thorn (þ) in its common script, or cursive form, came to resemble a y shape. As a upshot, the utilise of a y with an eastward in a higher place it () as an abridgement became common. This can still be seen in reprints of the 1611 edition of the King James Version of the Bible in places such as Romans 15:29, or in the Mayflower Compact. Historically, the commodity was never pronounced with a y audio, even when so written.

The discussion "The" itself, capitalised, is used as an abbreviation in Commonwealth countries for the honorific championship "The Right Honourable", as in e.chiliad. "The Earl Mountbatten of Burma", curt for "The Right Honourable Earl Mountbatten of Burma", or "The Prince Charles".^[16]

References

1. ^ Norvig, Peter. "English Alphabetic character Frequency Counts: Mayzner Revisited".
2. ^ "the – definition". Merriam Webster Online Lexicon.
3. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2010). A Form in Phonetics (sixth ed.). Boston: Wadsworth. p. 110.
4. ^ Hay, Jennifer (2008). New Zealand English language . Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Printing. p. 44.
5. ^ "the, adv.1." OED Online. Oxford University Press, March 2016. Web. 11 March 2016.
6. ^ "The and That Etymologies". Online Etymology Dictionary . Retrieved xviii June 2015.
7. ^ "Why is it called The Hague?".
8. ^ "Countries: Designations and abbreviations to utilise".
9. ^ "FAO Country Profiles". world wide web.fao.org.
10. ^ "Using 'the' with the Names of Countries".
11. ^ "Listing of Countries, Territories and Currencies".
12. ^ "UNGEGN World Geographical Names".
13. ^ Swan, Michael How English Works, p. 25
14. ^ Ukraine or "the Ukraine"? past Andrew Gregorovich, infoukes.com
15. ^ "Missed Opportunity for Ligatures".
16. ^ 'The Prefix "The"'. In Titles and Forms of Address, 21st ed., pp. 8–9. A & C Black, London, 2002.

Notes

1. ^ masculine, feminine, or neuter.

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The

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